Upon completion of this course, participants should be able to do the following:

1.  Assist the clinician in early recognition and diagnosis of ectopic eruption of permanent molars.
2. Discuss the etiology of ectopic eruption and facilitate recognition of reversible and irreversible forms of ectopia.
3. Describe the techniques and modalities available for clinical intervention of ectopic eruption of permanent molars.
4. Explain the use of specific appliance therapy, including interproximal wedging techniques and distal-tipping mechanics.

Ectopic eruption can be defined as a tooth erupting in an abnormal position or orientation. The maxillary first permanent molar is the most commonly affected tooth. Correction of ectopically erupting permanent molars is critical for the development of a stable occlusion and is an important component of interceptive orthodontic treatment. The clinician can choose from a variety of effective treatment modalities to manage ectopically erupting permanent molars successfully.

COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction
   
   
2. Treatment Modalities
   
   
   1. Interproximal Wedging
      
      
      1. Elastic Separators
         
         
      2. Metal and Elastic Separators
         
         
      3. Brass Separating Wire
         
         
      4. Deimpactor Spring
         
      
      
   2. Distal Tipping
      
      
      1. Humphrey Appliance
         
         
      2. Modified Humphrey Appliance
         
         
      3. Croll
         
         
      4. Rust and Carr
         
         
      5. Groper
         
         
      6. Kennedy
         
      
      
   3. Bilateral Ectopic Eruption
      
      
      1. Weinberger - Fixed
         
         
      2. Hawley - Removable
   
   
3. Implementation of Wedging and Distal Tipping
   
   
   1. Roberts
      
      
   2. Campbell
      
   
   
4. Summary

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19. Kennedy DB. A bonded appliance to correct ectopically erupting permanent molars. Pediatr Dent. 1985; 7(3):224-226.
20. Weinberger SJ. Correction of bilateral ectopic eruption of first permanent molars using a fixed appliance. Pediatr Dent. 1992; 14(6):382-383.
21. Grimm SE. Treatment of ectopically erupting molars. J Clin Orthod. 1988; 22(8):512-513.
22. Roberts MW. Treatment of ectopically erupting maxillary permanent first molars with a distal extended stainless steel crown. J Dent Child. 1986; 53(6):430-432.
23. Campbell OA: Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar. J N J Dent Assoc. 199l; 82(1):62-65.