This course discusses specific technique modifications for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures that enhance the predictability of successful functional and esthetic outcomes.

Upon completion of this course, participants should be able to do the following:

1. Describe the common esthetic failures associated with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures.
2. Explain the principles of GTR gingival flap healing dynamics.
3. Apply these principles clinically by incorporating technique modifications.

COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction
   
   
2. The Problem
   
   
3. Solutions
   
   
   1. Technique modifications
      
      
4. Summary

1. Becker W, Becker B, Berg L, et al. New attachment after treatment with root isolation procedures. Report for treated class III and class II furcations and vertical osseous defects. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1988; 8(3):8-23.
2. Beckerley JM. The use of laser Doppler flowmetry to monitor the effect of local anesthetics on human gingival blood flow. Abstract. J Periodontol. 1994; 65:976.
3. Clarke NG, Shephard BC, Hirsch RS. The effects of intraarterial epinephrine and nicotine on gingival circulation. Oral Surg. 1981; 52:577.
4. Cortellini P, Pini-Prato G, Tonetti MS. Guided tissue regeneration of human intrabony defects. I. Clinical measures. J Periodontol 1993a; 64(4):254-260.
5. Cortellini P, Pini-Prato G, Tonetti MS. The modified papillae preservation technique: a new surgical approach for interproximal regeneration procedures. J Periodontol . 1995; 66(4):261-266.
6. Gottlow J, Nyman S, Laurell L, et al. Clinical result of GTR therapy using a bioabsorbable device (Guidor). Abstract. J Dent Res. 1992; 72:825.
7. Greenstein G, Caton J. Periodontal regeneration: biodegradable barriers and guided tissue regeneration. Periodontol 2000. 1993; 1:36-45.
8. Handelsman M, Davarpanah M, Celletti R. Guided tissue regeneration with and without citric acid treatment in vertical osseous defects. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1991; 11(5):350-363.
9. McClain PK, Schallhorn RG. Long term assessment of combined osseous composite grafting, root conditioning and guided tissue regeneration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1993; 13(1):9-27.
10. Murphy KG. The incidence, characterization and effect of post-operative complications with GoreTex periodontal material. Part I. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1995; 15(4):363-375.
11. Murphy KG. The incidence, characterization and effect of post-operative complications with GoreTex periodontal material. Part II. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1995; 15(6):549-561.
12. Murphy KG. Interproximal tissue maintenance in GTR procedures: description of a surgical technique and one year re-entry results. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1996; 16:463-477.
13. Schallhorn RG, McClain PK. Clinical and radiologic healing observations in combined regenerative techniques. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1994; 5:391-403.
14. Selliseth NJ, Selvig KA. The vasculature of the periodontal ligament: a scanning electron microscopic study using corrosion casts in the rat. J Periodontol. 1994; 65:1079-1087.
15. Tonetti MS, Pini-Prato G, Cortellini P. Periodontal regeneration of human intrabony defects IV. Determinants of healing response. J Periodontol. 1993; 64(8):934-940.
16. Wikesjö UME, Nilvéus RE. Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of wound stabilization on healing. J Periodontol. 1990; 61:719-724.
17. Wikesjö UME, Nilvéus RE, Selvig KA. Significance of early healing events on periodontal repair: a review. J Periodontol. 1992; 63:158.
18. Zanetta-Barbosa D, Klinge B, Svensson H. Laser Doppler flowmetry of blood perfusion in mucoperiosteal flaps covering membranes in bone augmentation and implant procedures. A pilot study in dogs. Clin Oral Impl Res. 1993, 4:35-38.